考研英语概括大意新题型全真模拟及详解(一)
Directions:
You are going to read a list of headings and a text about my love of music. Choose the most suitable heading from the list A—F for each numbered paragraph (41-45). The first and last paragraphs of the text are not numbered. There is one extra heading which you do not need to use. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)
[A] My grandfather was a teacher
[B] I walked on air
[C] I did it for money’s sake
[D] I believed I have got it.
[E] Parental disapproval of my study of music
[F] Yielding to life
The turning point of my life was my decision to give up a promising business career and study music.
41.
My parents, although sympathetic, and sharing my love of music, disapproved of it as a profession, This was understandable in view of the family background. My grandfather had taught music for nearly forty years at Springhill College in Mobile and, though much beloved and respected in the community, earned barely enough to provide for his large family. My father often said it was only the hardheaded thriftiness of my grandmother that kept the wolf at bay. As a consequence of this example in the family, the very mention of music as a profession carried with it a picture of a precarious existence with uncertain financial rewards.
42.
My parents insisted upon college instead of a conservatory of music, and to college I went-quite happily, as I remember, for although I loved my violin and spent most of my spare time practicing, I had many other interests. Before my graduation from Columbia, the family met with severe financial problems and I felt it my duty to leave college and take a job. Thus was I launched upon a business career—which I always think of as the wasted years.
43.
My whole point is that it was not for me. I went into for money, and aside from the satisfaction of being able to help the family, money is all I got out of it. It was not enough. I felt that life was passing me by. From being merely discontented I became acutely miserable. My one ambition was to save enough to quit and go to Europe to study music.
44.
I used to get up at dawn to practice before I left for “downtown,” distracting my poor mother by bolting a hasty breakfast at the last minute. Instead of lunching with my business associates, I would seek out some cheap café, order a meager meal and scribble my harmony exercises. I continued to make money, and finally, bit by bit, accumulated enough to enable me to go abroad. The family being once more solvent, and my help no longer necessary, I resigned from my position and, feeling like a man released from jail, sailed for Europe. I stayed four years, worked harder than I had ever dreamed of working before and enjoyed every minute of it. “Enjoyed” is too mild a word. I walked on air. I really lived. I was a free man and I was doing what I loved to do what I meant to do.
45.
If I had stayed in business I might be a comparatively wealthy man today, but I do not believe I would have made a success of living. I would have given up all those inner satisfactions that money can never buy, and that are too often sacrificed when a man’s primary goal is financial success.
When I broke away from business it was against the advice of practically all my friends and family. So conditioned are most of us to association of success with money that the thought of giving up a good salary for an idea seemed little short of insane. If so, all I can thought of giving up a good salary for an idea seemed little short of insane. If so, all I can say is “Gee, it’s great to be crazy.” Money is a wonderful thing, but it is possible to pay too high a price for it.
［参考译文 ］
[A] 我的祖父是位教师
[B] 飘飘欲仙
[C] 为钱而工作
[D] 相信我得到了
[E] 我学习音乐没有得到父母的支持
[F] 屈从于生活
我决定放弃发财有望、前途无量的经商事业转而学习音乐是我一生的转折点。
虽然我的父母同我有共鸣，也热爱音乐，但他们不赞成我以音乐为职业。考虑到家庭背景情况，这是可以理解的。我的祖父在莫尔比的斯普林西尔学院教音乐达40年之久，尽管他深受学生爱戴和尊重，挣来的钱尚不足于养家糊口。我父亲常说，多亏我祖母的克勤克俭使全家免于挨饿。鉴于此，在我家里只要一提起音乐职业，手头拮据、朝不保夕的苦日子就会如图画一般浮现在眼前。
我父母坚持要我读大学，不让我进音乐学院。于是，我进了大学——我记得当时是高高兴兴地去上大学的，因为我虽喜爱小提琴并且将大部分空闲时间都用在了练琴上，我也对其他好多事情感兴趣。我还没从哥伦比亚大学毕业，家里就遇到了严重的财政困难，我觉得我有义务放弃学业去份工作。于是，我投身商界开始了经商事业——一直以来我总把这段经历看作是浪费时间。
我的意思 是说商业不适合我。我进入了商界是为了赚钱，除了能够资助家里带来的一点满足以外，我的商界得到了一切就只有钱了。这对我是不够的。我觉得自己在虚度生命。我从对商业职业的不满逐渐变得痛苦不堪，不能自拔。我有一个抱负，就是要攒足够的钱去欧洲学音乐。
我常常黎明时起床练琴，一直到练到最后几乎来不及囫囵吞下匆忙准备的早餐就得去商业中心上班，这使我可怜的母亲很不安。中午不再与商业伙伴共进午餐，我常常去便宜的小餐馆，简单地吃点东西，信手写些声练习曲。我不断地挣钱，直到最后一点点攒够了出其不国的费用。这时家里经济情况好转了，不再需要我的资助。我辞职离开商界，感觉好像从监狱里出来的犯人一样自由。我去了欧洲，在那儿学习四年，比以前想像的学习要刻苦努力得多，但每一分钟感到惬意。“惬意”用词太轻了。简直是快东似神仙呀！我没有虚度生命，我自由自在地干我爱干的事情，做我命中注定该做的事情。
倘若我继续经商，我现在可能是很有钱的人，但我相信我的生活不成功。我得放弃金钱永远也买不来的内心深处的快乐和满足。一个人如果以挣大钱为主要奋斗目标的话，他常常要牺牲自己这些内心深处的快乐和满足。
我毅然离开商界，几乎违背了所有朋友和家人的劝告。我们大多数人都把成功与金钱联系在一起。那种为了理想而放弃高薪的想法显得多少有点癫狂。果真这样的话，我能说的只是：“嘿，癫狂的感觉好棒！”钱是个好东西，但为了钱很可能要付出太高的代价！
［答案详解 ］
41. [E]
作者说父母虽然也有音乐爱好，但并没有人支持作者以音乐为职业。作者的祖父教音乐40年之外，是一位深受学生爱戴和尊重的老师，却挣不来钱糊口。音乐不能糊口已成为全家人的共识，因此选择[B]项为小标题最合适的。
42. [F]
文章在这一段中说父母坚持要我读大学，而没进音乐学院，这种顺从父母之愿的求学肯定不是作者所愿，而是生活所迫。作者没大学毕业，家里又遇到了严重的经济困难，作者又被迫投身于经商事业。这在作者看来是纯粹的浪费时间。这一段的中心意思可以概括为屈从于生活。因此选择[F]项。
43. [C]
作者这一段说商业对于作者并不适合，有钱对于作者是不够的，反过来也可以说作者不是在贬低商业本身，作者挣足钱的目的是去欧洲学音乐。作者对商业的不满不是贬低商业本身，而是为钱而工作的一种无奈。
44. [B]
这一段写作者常常黎明起床练琴，中午简单吃点东西，抓紧时间创作练习曲。由于家里的经济好转，尽管学习辛苦，但能得到学习音乐的机会，作者认为每一分钟都感到很惬意。因此用I walk on air来作标题最合适。
45. [D]
作者没选择经商，但学音乐，作者认为是成功的，尽管作者放弃了金钱，换来的却是内心深处的快乐和满足。因此选择[D]项。这题也可以从上一题推导出来。
概括大意新题型全真模拟及详解(二)
Directions:
You are going to read a list of headings and a text about hobby and interest. Choose the most suitable heading from the list A-F for each numbered paragraph (41-45). The first and last paragraphs of the text are not numbered. There is one extra heading which you do not need to use. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)
[A] Work comprises pleasure
[B] The growth of interested is a long process
[C] A happy man ought to have some real hobbies
[D] Every hobby does not suit you
[E] What the commanding people can do?
[F] Industrious men are divided into two classes
A gifted American psychologist has said, “Worry is a spasm of emotion; the mind catches hold of something and will not let it go.” It is useless to argue with the mind in this condition. The stronger the will, the more futile the task. One can only gently insinuate something else into its convulsive grasp. And if this something else is rightly chosen, if it is really attended by the illumination of another field of interest, gradually, and often quite swiftly, the old undue grip relaxes and the process of recuperation and repair begins.
41.
The cultivation of a hobby and new forms of interest is therefore a policy of the first importance to a public man. But this is not a business that can be undertaken in a day or swiftly improvised by a mere command of the will. The growth of alternative mental interests spend some time. The seeds must be carefully carefully chosen; they must fall on good ground; they must be sedulously tended, it the vivifying fruits are to be at hand when needed.
42.
To be really happy and really safe, one ought to have at least two or three hobbies, and they must all be real. It is no use starting late in life to say: “I will take an interest in this or that.” Such an attempt only aggravates the strain of mental effort. A man may acquire great knowledge of topics unconnected with his daily work, and yet get hardly any benefit or relief. It is no use doing what you like; you have got to like what you do. Broadly speaking, human beings may be divided into three classes: those who are toiled to death, those who are worried to death, and those who are bored to death.
43.
It is no use offering the manual laborer, tired out with a hard week’s sweat and effort, the chance of playing a game of football or baseball on Saturday afternoon. It is no use inviting the politician or the professional or business man, who has been working or worrying about serious things for six days, to work or worry about trifling things at the weekend.
44.
As for the people who can command everything they want, who can gratify every caprice and lay their hands on almost every object of desire — for them a new pleasure, a new excitement is only an additional satiation. In vain they rush frantically round from place to place, trying to escape from avenging boredom by mere clatter and motion. For them discipline in one form or another is the most hopeful path.
4５.
First, those whose work is work and whose pleasure is pleasure; and secondly, those whose work and pleasure are one. Of these the former are the majority. They have their compensations. The long hours in the office or the factory bring with them as their reward, not only the means of sustenance, but a keen appetite for pleasure even in its simplest and most modest forms. For them the working hours are never long enough. Each day is a holiday, and ordinary holidays, when they come, are grudged as enforced interruptions in an absorbing vocation. Yet to both classes, the need of an alternative outlook, of a change of atmosphere, of a diversion of effort, is essential.
Indeed, it may well be that those whose work is their pleasure are those who most need the means of banishing it at intervals from their minds.
［参考译文 ］
[A] 工作包含快乐
[B] 兴趣的培养有个过程
[C] 一个快乐的人应该有一些真正的爱好
[D] 不是每个爱好都适合你
[E] 能支配一切的人做些啥？
[F] 勤劳的人们分成两类
一位天才的美国心里学家曾经说过：“烦恼是感情的发作，此时脑子纠缠住了某种东西又不肯松手。”在这种情况下，你和头脑争吵让它松手是无济于事的。这种意志越是强烈，这种尝试越是徒劳。你只能温和而巧妙她让另一种东西进入痉孪僵硬功夫的头脑中。如果选得合适，而且的确受到别的领域的情趣的启迪，那么渐渐地，往往也是顺利地，原先不适当的过程就会开始。
因此，对一个从事社会活动的人来说，培养一种业余爱好和各种新的兴趣是头等重要的作法。但这并非一日之功，也不是单凭意志一蹴而就的事。精神上多种情趣的培养需要花费一些时间。要想在需要的时候可随手摘取充满生机的果实，那就必须从精选良种做起，然后将其植入肥沃的土地，还需要精心地护理。
一个人要想真正感到幸福和平安，至少应有两三种爱好，而且都比较实际。那了晚年才开始说：“我会对这个或那个发生兴趣，”已没有用了。这种愿望只能加剧精神紧张。一个人可能会获得与其日常工作无关的某些课题的渊博知识，而没有从中获益或得到什么宽慰。干你所喜欢的事是没有用的，你得喜欢你所干的事。泛泛地说，人可分为三类：劳累至死的人、忧虎至死的人、无聊至死的人。
对于流汗出力干了一周苦活的体力劳动者来说，让他们在星期六下午再踢足球或打垒球是不合适的。同样，对于为严肃的公务操劳或烦恼了六天的政界人士、专业技术人员、商人来说，在周末再让他们为琐事而动脑子和忧虑也是无益的。
至于能任意支配一切的人他们能够肆为，能染指一切追求的目标。对这种人来说，多一种新的刺激只是增加一分厌腻而已。他们到处狂奔乱跑，企图以闲聊和乱窜来摆脱无聊对他们的报复，但这是徒劳的。对他们来说，用某种形式的纪律约束他们一下才能有希望使他们走上正道。
第一类是分清工作是工作，娱乐是娱乐的人；第二类人的工作和娱乐是一回事。这两类人当中，第一类是大多数，他们能够得到补偿。在办公室或工厂里长时间的工作给他们带来了酬劳，这不仅是谋生的手段，而且还带来了找寻快乐的强烈欲望，哪怕是最简单的、最低等的乐趣。但是，命运之神的宠儿是第二类人。他们的生活是一种自然的和谐，对他们来说，工作作时间总不会太长，每天都是假日，而通常的假期到来时，他们却惋惜这假期打断了他们埋头从事的工作。然而对这两种人来说，都需要换一换脑子，改变一下气氛，转移一下注意了，这是不可说实在的，把工作当作享受的那些人可能最需要每隔一段时间把工作从头脑中抛开。
［答案详解 ］
41. [B]
文中说对一个从事社会活动的人来说，培养一种业余爱好并非一日之功，也不是单凭意志一蹴而就的事。文中还用了一个生动的比喻，要想在需要的时间摘取果实，就必须从选种开始做起，然后植入土地，精心护理。这说时培养业余爱好是一个过程。因此选择[B]项。
42. [C]
这一段开头便是主旨句：一个人要想真正感到幸福和平安，至少应有两三种爱好，而是都比较实际。
43. [D]
不同的爱好分别适合不同的人。文中举例子说，对一个体力劳动者来说，周六再进行踢足球或打垒球这些剧烈运动，显然是不合适的，同理，为公务操劳的政界人士，技术人员及商人在周末进行脑力劳动也没有任何益处。
44. [E]
文中第5段说对那些能任意支配一切的人，他们能够肆意妄为，能染指一切追求的目标。对这种人而言，多一种新的刺激只是增加一分厌腻而已。所有这些形容都表明这种人太过幸运，却又不能得到真正的乐趣。
45. [F]
文中说第一类人是分清工作是工作，娱乐是娱乐；第二类人则工作娱乐合二为一。而这两类人都别于上一段说的“太幸运”的人，他们都属于理性的勤劳的工作者。因此这一段是对勤劳人的分类，选择[F]项合适。